PRACTICAL
REPORT
INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
(TIF 23102)
MODUL
3
INTRODUCTION OF LINUX UBUNTU
ARRANGED
BY
NAME : ALISYA NABILAH
NIM : 3201830003
CLASS : ICP
GROUP : 1
LECTURER : WENDHI YUNIARTO, MT
INFORMATICS
ENGINEERING LABORATORY
INFORMATICS
D3 STUDY PROGRAM
ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING MAJOR
PONTIANAK
STATE POLYTECHNIC
2018
MODUL 3
INTRODUCTON OF LINUX UBUUNTU
I.
PURPOSE
1. You can install the Linux operating system (OS);
2. Praktikan can find out how to partition the hard drive and
configure the system;
3. Praktikan can know and use Linux;
4. Practice knowing how to work Linux.
II.
BASIC THEORY
A. PREPARATION OF INSTALLATION
The first step before
installing Linux is to record all information related to the computer that will
be installed.
1. Hardware Specifications
Following are the minimum hardware specifications for installing Ubuntu:
- 200 MHz Pentium I processor, recommended at least Pentium III or
equivalent;
- 128MB RAM, recommended at least 256MB;
- 1 GB empty hard drive for system and swap, recommended at least 3 GB;
Installation of all packages will reach more than 9 GB;
- VGA with 1MB of memory;
- Monitor with a resolution of 800 x 600.
2. Creating a Windows Boot Disk
Windows disk is needed if
the installation process is done on an existing computer other OS, for example
XP. Existing data will be secured or want to have a dual boot system, Linux and
windows. If Windows does not yet exist, while both are desired, then Windows
must be installed first, then Linux.
One important data in Windows is the contents of the master boot
record (MBR) on the hard disk. MBR should be backed up, to anticipate if you
want to access Windows after installing Linux.
1. Save data to
another hard drive or to CD / DVD-R / RW.
2. Use CD-1 to
backup.
Steps to Install Ubuntu 8.04:
1. Insert the Ubuntu 8.04 Installer CD into the CD Rom / Rom Drive,
then restart the PC or Notebook. before doing BIOS settings to first boot using
CDROM. After the boot process will appear the language choice, then choose the
language you want to use, it is recommended to choose the default language
installer, namely English (confusing using technical words that are "in
Indonesian" examples of words that are difficult to understand: "bar
= toolbar, download = download, etc).
2. Then select "install Ubuntu" which is in the second
line of the installation option.
3. Waiting for the installer CD Loading until it is finished and
then selecting the language you want to use during installation, selecting it
on the left side of the window, then clicking "forward".
4. On the next screen a world map will appear, then determine the
location where the user is, and determine the user's computer's Clock and Date,
choose Jakarta for WIB, Makassar for Wita, and Jayapura for WIT, then click
"forward".
5. Choosing a keyboard, by default the keyboard will choose US.
english, and the majority of computer keyboards circulating in Indonesia use
this layout, if you are still not sure you can try typing a few buttons in the
bar provided at the bottom of the screen, then clicking "forward".
6. The next step is usually a scourge for new Linux installations,
because if you click it can format the user's hard drive, so before installing,
it is recommended to back-up important data to DVD or FD or external HD, on
this screen 3 will appear options namely:
a. "Guided - resize the partition and use the freed
space": if the user has a Redmond OS (Microsoft Windows) and still wants
to remain installed on the hard drive, it is recommended to choose this.
b. "Guided - use entire disk": If new users are hard
disks, or want to delete all previously installed OSes and data in it, it is
recommended to choose this option
c. "Manual": this option is selected if there is no OS
previously installed, and there is no important data, just like the second
option, but this third option is free to determine the amount (capacity) of the
hard drive you want to use. For users who want to use this option please follow
the following guidelines:
1) Make a
root partition
Selecting a partition on a particular hard drive that will be used for the new
Ubuntu will be installed, then clicking "delete partition" then the
partition will become "free Partition";
For new
hard drives that have not been formatted, they will default to "free
partition";
Then
select the partition and click "New Partition" to create a new root
partition, for Type For the New partition select Primary, then specify the
capacity that the user will allocate to the size tab in MB, for example type
3000 = 3GB, 5000 = 5GB and so on, skip the Location and Use as options (leave
Default) and choose Mount Point on "/".
2) Make a
home partition (optional - may be made may not)
- Like
also creating a root partition, only for Type for the New Partition you should
select "logical" instead of "primary";
- As for
Mount Point, home is selected.
3) Create
a swap partition
- Like
also creating a previous partition, with the option Type for the New partition
in "logical";
- For
size, it is highly recommended to have 2x RAM, if you have 512MB RAM, then the
size of the user's swab partition is 1024MB;
- For
Mount Point select swap;
- After
that, click forward, and be reminded that the partition that was created later
will be formatted, so that the data cannot be recovered again so it is ensured
that the user's important data has been Back-Up.
1. Fill in the
profile select real name, after that specify the username and password login to
the user's Ubuntu, then click "forward". Ubuntu is ready to be
installed "Ready to Install" after that click install.
2. Ubuntu will complete the installation process in less than 10
minutes depending on the specifications of the user's PC or Notebook. After
that, wait until the Confirmation window appears. Success, then click
"Restart Now". On the display there will be the words "HAPPY
UBUNTU 8.04 ALREADY INSTALLED", then login with the username and password
that has been created, and do not forget to make further modifications and
installations so that Ubuntu users are more powerful in the category after
installation.
B. INTRODUCTION OF
LINUX :
1.
START
WORKING WITH LINUX
The login process,
used to regulate access rights to the system, to maintain system security, and
various other needs. Each user has different access rights. It is highly
recommended not to use the root user for normal activities.
a. Enter the Linux system if the user wants a graphical login or X
Window;
b. Works on Desktop Linux;
c. Quit the Linux System.
If you are already in
the system and have worked in the system, then you want to end it, the user
must also be able to go out according to the rules.
1.
FILE
MANAGER
File manager is a facility from X Window that is very useful for
managing files or documents. Similar to the use of Windows Explorer on
Microsoft Windows, using this file manager users can easily:Beralih antar blok
device;
- Create a directory or folder;
- Copying files / documents / folders;
- Change the name of the file / document / folder;
- Delete files / documents / folders;
- Open a folder or program;
- Running the program;
- Creating a File Folder Shortcut;
- And so on.
The following is an explanation of each directory:
2.
WORKING IN THE TERMINAL OR CONSOLE
Besides working with graphics mode, users can also work with text
mode in the X Window environment. To enable terminal console emulation on the
desktop, users are faced with the terminal console of the user currently logged
in. If the user selects a terminal or console, a prompt / shell appears,
according to the name of the user who is logged in. For example, the user
"imi", the form prompts using the dollar sign ($). If the user wants
to log in with the super user (root) terminal, the user can change the user by
giving the "su" command, and will ask the user to enter the root
password.
After the user
enters the password and press enter, promp or shell appears for the root user,
with a hash (#).
III. PRACTICUM TASK
1. Explain how to "Burn" CDs on Linux and Windows?
2. Explain how to partition a hard drive on Linux?
3. Explain how to configure the network on Linux?
4. Explain how to log out from promp?
5. Explain how to Configure Desktop to:
- Fonts
- Themes
- Background
- Screensaver
6. Explain and do the steps or the Linux installation process from
start to finish?
7. Explain what directories are and how to create directories?
8. Explain how to delete, change and create file / folder
shortcuts?
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